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Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state are pathologies defined by hyperglycemia, but with specific characteristics that allow differentiating one disease from the other. Its incidence is low, but if they´re not treated in time, they can compromise the patient's condition and lead to death. These are processes that usually occur in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus; This does not mean that they cannot affect people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both pathologies manifest acutely with fatigue, polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and altered state of consciousness, as well as presenting abnormalities in laboratory tests such as a decrease in pH, decreased bicarbonate and electrolyte abnormalities. Treatment is vital, this should include prior hydration, use of an insulin infusion and correction of: potassium deficiency, metabolic acidosis and phosphate depletion.
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References
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