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La anemia es un importante problema de salud a nivel global y es bastante común en la práctica obstétrica. La deficiencia de hierro es la causa principal de anemia durante el embarazo y se asocia a serias complicaciones maternas y fetales. Su prevalencia es mayor en países en vías de desarrollo, sobretodo por su situación socioeconómica y nutricional. La presentación clínica es parecida a la de un embarazo normal y por eso se requiere de vigilancia activa. El diagnóstico se confirma por medio de exámenes de laboratorio; una hemoglobina y una ferritina sérica bajas son diagnósticos de anemia por deficiencia de hierro. El tratamiento temprano y efectivo disminuye las complicaciones asociadas; y debe ser individualizado. El hierro oral es la terapia de primera línea a pesar de estar asociado a un alto nivel de efectos adversos gastrointestinales; mientras que la terapia de hierro intravenosa es una buena alternativa para el manejo de la anemia por deficiencia de hierro luego del segundo trimestre del embarazo.
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