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La dismenorrea primaria es el síntoma más común asociado a la menstruación y se puede clasificar en dismenorrea primaria, que es el dolor pélvico asociado a la menstruación en ausencia de patología pélvica subyacente, y en dismenorrea secundaria, que es cuando se puede atribuir la sintomatología a alguna patología pélvica de fondo. La prevalencia de esta patología es altamente subestimada y varía ampliamente. El proceso patológico no se ha entendido de manera completa, pero según investigaciones es el resultado del aumento de producción de prostaglandinas y leucotrienos, con el resultante incremento de la actividad miometrial. El diagnóstico se basa principalmente en una historia clínica exhaustiva y un examen físico dirigido, aunque la respuesta al tratamiento también corrobora el diagnóstico. El principal objetivo del tratamiento de la dismenorrea es la reducción del dolor y mejorar la funcionalidad de las pacientes, siendo la primera línea los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y la terapia hormonal.
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