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La contaminación ambiental representa un factor de riesgo cardiovascular no tradicional capaz de provocar alteraciones hemodinámicas y moleculares importantes con consecuencias clínicas y vitales significativas. De tal manera, se ha posicionado en consenso por distintas sociedades cardiológicas internacionales dentro de los primeros cinco factores de riesgo de mortalidad cardiovascular, solo por detrás de la hipertensión, el tabaquismo y la mala alimentación.
La contaminación del aire con partículas finas <2,5 μm (PM2.5) es el factor de riesgo ambiental más importante que contribuye a dicha morbimortalidad, representando una gran amenaza para la salud pública mundial. Sin embargo, la contaminación sonora también se ha asociado con la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares mayores a través de múltiples vías fisiopatológicas, siendo el sexo masculino más susceptible a los efectos cardiovasculares de la exposición crónica al ruido.
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