How to Cite
Abstract
Environmental pollution represents a non-traditional cardiovascular risk factor capable of causing numerous hemodynamic and molecular alterations with significant clinical and vital consequences, for which it has been positioned by different cardiological societies worldwide, as the fourth risk factor of cardiovascular mortality, only behind hypertension, smoking and poor diet.
Air pollution with fine particles <2.5 μm (PM2.5) is the most important environmental risk factor contributing to this global mortality and cardiovascular disability, representing a major threat to global public health. In addition, noise is a powerful environmental contaminant and it has been described that noise pollution is associated with the appearance of major cardiovascular events through multiple pathophysiological pathways, being men more susceptible to the cardiovascular effects of chronic noise exposure.
Keywords
References
Zipes D, Libby P, Bonow R, Braunwald E. Braunwald Tratado de Cardiología: Texto de Medicina Cardiovascular. 11ma ed. Elsevier. Madrid; 2019.
Lerman J. Factores de riesgo cardiovascular no convencionales. Revista de la Asociación Médica Argentina [Internet]. 2020;133(1). Disponible a partir de: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwj57PTn1q74AhVRkIQIHd1xBrAQFnoECAsQAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ama-med.org.ar%2Fdescargacontenido%2F356&usg=AOvVaw0zi9M04YSw_CRlOlx3oAHB
GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Lancet; [Internet] 2020. 396(10258):1223–1249. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2
Landrigan PJ, Fuller R, Acosta NJR, et al. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. Lancet [Internet] 2018; 391:462–512. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32345-0
Brauer M, Casadei B, Harrington RA, Kovacs R, Sliwa K, Expert Group the WAP. Taking a Stand Against Air Pollution – The Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: A Joint Opinion from the World Heart Federation, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology. Global Heart; [Internet] 2021;16(1):8; Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/gh.948
Rajagopalan S, Al-Kindi SG and Brook RD. Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease. JACC State-of-the-Art Review J Am Coll Cardiol [Internet] 2018; 72:2054-70 Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.099.
Münzel T, Gori T, Al-Kindi S, et al. Effects of gaseous and solid constituents of air pollution on endothelial function. Eur. Heart J. [Internet]. 2018;39(38):3543–50. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy481
Schraufnagel DE, Balmes JR, Cowl CT, et al. Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases: A Review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies’ Environmental Committee, Part 2: Air Pollution and Organ Systems. Chest. [Internet]. 2019;155(2):417–26. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042
Chen R, Jiang Y, Hu J, Chen H, Li H, Meng X, Ji JS, Gao Y, Wang W, Liu C, et al. Hourly air pollutants and acute coronary syndrome onset in 1.29 million patients. Circulation [Internet] 2022;145:1749–1760. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057179
WHO global air quality guidelines: Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: World Health Organization [Internet] 2021. 3, Recommendations on classical air pollutants. Disponible a partir de: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK574591/
Bennett JE, Tamura-Wicks H, Parks RM, et al. Particulate matter air pollution and national and county life expectancy loss in the USA: A spatiotemporal analysis. PLOS Med. [Internet]. 2019;16(7): e1002856; Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002856
Apte J, Brauer M, Cohen A, Ezzati M, Pope C. Ambient PM 2.5 Reduces Global and Regional Life Expectancy. Environmental Science & Technology Letters. [Internet]. 2018. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00360.
Yin P, Guo J, Wang L, Fan W, Lu F, Guo M, et al. Higher Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Associated with Smaller Size-Fractioned Particulate Matter. Environmental Science & Technology Letters. [Internet]. 2020;7(2):95-101. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00735
Munzel T, Sørensen M, Schmidt M, et al. The Adverse Effects of Environmental Noise Exposure on Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk. Antioxidants and Redox Signalinng [Internet]. 2018; 28: 873-908. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/0.1089/ars.2017.7118
Koczorowski M, Bernard N, Mauny F, et al. Environmental noise exposure is associated with atherothrombotic risk. Sci Rep 12, 3151 [Internet]. 2022. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06825-0
Osborne MT, Radfar A, Hassan MZO, et al. A neurobiological mechanism linking transportation noise to cardiovascular disease in humans. Eur Heart J. [Internet]. 2019. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz820.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Array