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El uso de fármacos antineoplásicos aumenta el riesgo de enfermedad tromboembólica en pacientes oncológicos. Los primeros meses de tratamiento representan el mayor riesgo trombótico, y las comorbilidades medicas mayores y/o las complicaciones infecciosas también aumentan este riesgo. Combinar inmunomoduladores con dexametasona o quimioterapia citotóxica aumenta la incidencia de trombosis en el escenario de mieloma múltiple o linfoma no Hodgkin. El uso de sales de platino, fluropirimidinas y L-asparraginasa también se han identificado como factores de riesgo para enfermedad tromboembólica. Con relación a las terapias dirigidas, los inhibidores del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidermico se han asociado con aumento de eventos tromboembólicos. Por su parte los inhibidores del factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular, espeficamente los anticuerpos monoclonales, se han asociado con trombosis venosas y arteriales. Los corticoides en dosis altas aumentan la incidencia de tromboembolismos.
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