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Abstract
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma associated with neurological dysfunction. It usually presents as acute or subacute, with altered mental status greater than 24 hours, fever, seizures, headache, and/or focal neurologic deficits.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 is the most common non-epidemic cause of infectious encephalitis, and Japanese encephalitis is the most common cause of infectious encephalitis worldwide. The cornerstone for diagnosis is based on performing a lumbar puncture in which lymphocytic pleocytosis is observed and a PCR should be requested urgently.
Treatment is based on support measures ensuring oxygenation, airway protection, circulatory support, treatment of pyrexia and it is recommended to start empirically with intravenous acyclovir.
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References
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