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El síndrome metabólico representa un reto para la salud pública, pues genera un aumento de morbilidad y mortalidad en la población y su prevalencia se encuentra en aumento, en todas las edades. Se debe a una compleja interacción entre factores genéticos, conductuales y ambientales, cuyos efectos nocivos para la salud física del individuo se ha demostrado que inician su afectación desde la vida intrauterina, y se mantienen hasta la edad adulta. Supone un reto diagnóstico en la edad pediátrica, por falta de consenso en su definición y criterios diagnósticos. En cuanto al abordaje también supone un desafío por los múltiples factores a tratar, sin embargo, sí se ha demostrado la importancia de promover en primer lugar la prevención, pues a menor edad y avance de los efectos perjudiciales, mayor es el beneficio que se obtiene, para esto, se entrena a los padres y niños a seguir hábitos saludables de actividad física, patrones de sueño, lactancia materna y posteriormente una dieta saludable. Existen opciones también dirigidas al tratamiento de quien ya lo padece, y una de las estrategias con mejores resultados es el uso de terapia cognitivo-conductual, pero a su vez quedan más objetos de estudio para el futuro.
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