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Las fracturas abiertas se caracterizan por la pérdida de la continuidad ósea y la exposición del foco de fractura con el medio externo, situación que las hace especialmente vulnerables a procesos infecciosos y múltiples complicaciones. La mayoría de fracturas abiertas son causadas por traumatismos de alta energía; ocurriendo más en hombres y siendo la tibia el hueso que se afecta con mayor frecuencia. Se clasifican según el mecanismo de lesión, la gravedad de lesión de los tejidos blandos, la configuración de la fractura y el grado de contaminación; siendo la más utilizada la clasificación de Gustilo y Anderson por su utilidad terapéutica. Los objetivos principales del tratamiento son prevenir la infección, estabilizar la fractura, conseguir la consolidación y restaurar la función; para ello es indispensable la instauración de una profilaxis antibiótica y un manejo adecuado de los tejidos blandos.
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