Generalities of vulvovaginal candidiasis

Abstract

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis is a disease caused by Candida species, mainly Candida albicans, which can colonize the vaginal mycoflora of healthy women, without causing disease. It is the second most common cause of vaginitis, only surpassed by bacterial vaginosis. Due to its high prevalence, it is one of the most frequent reasons for gynecological consultation, it mainly affects women of reproductive age, and up to 75% of women will present an episode in their life. It is clinically characterized by itching, vaginal inflammation and whitish discharge. The diagnosis is made specifically by laboratory techniques such as direct microscopy or, failing that, culture. The pathogenesis is multifactorial and involves an unbalanced microbiota, host predisposing factors, the virulence of candida strains, and genetic polymorphisms of both host and host. Women with a higher risk of presenting vulvovaginal candidiasis are those with a high estrogen load or with some degree of immunocompromise. The treatment consists of azole antifungals, particularly fluconazole. However, the acquired and intrinsic resistance of non-albicans species is of concern, forcing the use of other strategies. This article consists of a bibliographical review, on the generalities of vulvovaginal Candidiasis, focusing on its epidemiology, pathogeny, correct diagnosis and treatment.