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Abstract
The treatment of rectal cancer continues to be mainly surgical, however, this management entails a series of comorbidities and possible complications for the patient, such as: fecal or urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction and a high possibility of a permanent ostomy and its complications. However, it has been seen that up to a quarter of pathological specimens show a complete pathological response after neoadjuvant therapy. This is why, with the idea of avoiding these complications after surgery, the idea of Watch and Wait management was born. Where, if after neoadjuvant treatment the patient obtains a complete response to treatment, he or she goes on to a program of close observation and, if maintained, would avoid radical surgery, which in various studies has shown oncological results similar to surgical management. Being a novel management, it requires clarifying various aspects, including: the patient who would benefit the most, the neoadjuvant therapy to be performed, the evaluation of the clinical response and the follow-up of the patient.
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References
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