Pediatric hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Abstract

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis it’s a frequent pathology present in newborns between 2 to 8 weeks of age, it’s more prevalent in male and first-born children, and it has an incidence of 1,5-5 cases in every 1000 newborns. It’s defined as a stenosis of the pyloric canal produced because of muscular hypertrophy of the pyloric wall. It’s the most common quirurgic cause of nonbilious vomiting in children. The etiology is unknown; however, a multifactorial origin is suggested, with genetic and environmental factors being involved. Generally, the clinical manifestations include postprandial vomiting, the finding of an olive shaped abdominal mass in the physical exam, and an hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, produced by the loss of chlorohydric acid through vomiting. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, however there are methods such as the abdominal ultrasound and the upper gastrointestinal series that are useful in the confirmation of the diagnosis. The treatment of this pathology continues to be through surgery, by the realization of an extramucosa pyloromyotomy, this method has very few complications and it has a good overall outcome.