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Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a rapid-onset systemic hypersensitivity reaction that can be fatal if it is not treated properly. Anaphylaxis is the response to the release of inflammatory mediators by both immunological and non-immunological mechanisms, and can occur after a single exposure to the allergen or after re-exposure in a sensitized patient. The most common triggers are food, drugs, and insect venom, with food being the main triggers in children. However, in 20% of cases the trigger is not identified. The diagnosis of anaphylaxis is clinical; however, it should be noted that it can present with a great variety of symptoms, hence the complexity of its identification. The most common manifestations are skin symptoms such as urticaria, angioedema, erythema, and itching. The absence of these does not rule out anaphylaxis and should not delay treatment. The treatment of choice will be epinephrine, this should be administered immediately in cases where anaphylaxis is suspected, even if the diagnosis is uncertain, because there is no contraindication for its use, and if its use is delayed it can cause fatal outcomes. This article addresses the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of anaphylaxis, focused on pediatric patients, since this is a population in which this pathology is often underdiagnosed.
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References
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