How to Cite
Abstract
Sepsis is a highly inflammatory infectious process associated with high mortality and multiple complications. One of these complications is disseminated intravascular coagulation and can be seen in almost half of patients with sepsis. Multiorgan disfunction syndrome is a final consequence of disseminated intravascular coagulation, therefore it’s not rare to find a relatively high mortality in patients with both sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation is attributed to a coagulation disfunction initiated by tissue factor, with dissemination of microthrombus and acceleration of coagulation factors consumption. The final result is the disfunction of multiple organs, different hemorrhagic disturbances, and in the worst-case scenario, death. The aim of the actual management of disseminated intravascular coagulation is to treat the underlying disease, in this case the treatment of the pathogen, and the use of supporting therapy with anticoagulant treatment to ameliorate clinical outcomes.
Keywords
References
ba T, Ito T, Maruyama I, Jilma B, Brenner T, Müller MC, et al. Potential diagnostic markers for disseminated intravascular coagulation of sepsis. Blood Reviews. 2016;30(2):149–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.blre.2015.10.002
Iba T, Thachil J. Present and future of anticoagulant therapy using antithrombin and thrombomodulin for sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation: a perspective from Japan. International Journal of Hematology. 2015Nov20;103(3):253–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-015-1904-z
T, Shoko T, Deguchi Y. Clinical Investigation of Coagulation Markers for Early Detection of Sepsis-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Single-Center, Prospective Observational Study. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 2018Mar18;24(7):1082–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029618762473
Tsao C-M, Ho S-T, Wu C-C. Coagulation abnormalities in sepsis. Acta Anaesthesiologica Taiwanica. 2015;53(1):16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aat.2014.11.002
Park JY, Park S, Park SY, Sim YS, Kim JH, Hwang YI, et al. Day 3 versus Day 1 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Score among Sepsis Patients: A Prospective Observational Study. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 2016Jan;44(1):57–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X1604400110
Kudo D, Hayakawa M, Ono K, Yamakawa K. Impact of non-anticoagulant therapy on patients with sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation: A multicenter, case-control study. Thrombosis Research. 2018;163:22–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2017.12.022
Kudo D, Hayakawa M, Ono K, Yamakawa K. Impact of non-anticoagulant therapy on patients with sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation: A multicenter, case-control study. Thrombosis Research. 2018;163:22–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2017.12.022
Levi M. Pathogenesis and diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology. 2018;40:15–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.12830
Levi M, Sivapalaratnam S. Disseminated intravascular coagulation: an update on pathogenesis and diagnosis. Expert Review of Hematology. 2018Jul20;11(8):663–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/17474086.2018.1500173
Umemura Y, Yamakawa K. Efficacy and safety of anticoagulant therapy in three specific populations with sepsis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: reply. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2016;14(11):2310–1. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.13473
Thachil J. Disseminated intravascular coagulation – new pathophysiological concepts and impact on management. Expert Review of Hematology. 2016Jun17;9(8):803–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17474086.2016.1203250
Okuda A, Ogura T, Imanishi M, Miyano A, Nishioka N, Higuchi K. Clinical Impact of Recombinant Soluble Thrombomodulin for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Associated with Severe Acute Cholangitis. Gut and Liver. 2018Jul15;12(4):471–7. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl17489
Iba T, Thachil J. Present and future of anticoagulant therapy using antithrombin and thrombomodulin for sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation: a perspective from Japan. International Journal of Hematology. 2015Nov20;103(3):253–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-015-1904-z
Ikeda M, Matsumoto H, Ogura H, Hirose T, Shimizu K, Yamamoto K, et al. Circulating syndecan-1 predicts the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with sepsis. Journal of Critical Care. 2018Feb;43:48–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.07.049
Walborn A, Rondina M, Mosier M, Fareed J, Hoppensteadt D. Endothelial Dysfunction Is Associated with Mortality and Severity of Coagulopathy in Patients with Sepsis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 2019;25:107602961985216. https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029619852163
Levi M, van der Poll T. Coagulation and sepsis. Thrombosis Research. 2016Nov19;149:38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2016.11.007
Delabranche X, Quenot J-P, Lavigne T, Mercier E, François B, Severac F, et al. Early Detection of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation During Septic Shock. Critical Care Medicine. 2016;44(10). https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000001836
Umemura Y, Yamakawa K, Hayakawa M, Kudo D, Fujimi S. Concomitant Versus Individual Administration of Antithrombin and Thrombomodulin for Sepsis-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Nationwide Japanese Registry Study. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 2018Feb22;24(5):734–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029618755948
Hayakawa M, Yamakawa K, Kudo D, Ono K. Optimal Antithrombin Activity Threshold for Initiating Antithrombin Supplementation in Patients With Sepsis-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 2018Aug;24(6):874–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029618757346
Akahoshi T, Sugimori H, Kaku N, Tokuda K, Nagata T, Noda E, et al. Comparison of recombinant human thrombomodulin and gabexate mesylate for treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with sepsis following emergent gastrointestinal surgery: a retrospective study. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2014Nov20;41(5):531–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-014-0478-4
Umemura Y, Yamakawa K, Hayakawa M, Hamasaki T, Fujimi S. Screening itself for disseminated intravascular coagulation may reduce mortality in sepsis: A nationwide multicenter registry in Japan. Thrombosis Research. 2018;161:60–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2017.11.023