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Abstract
Yolk sac tumors represent the most frequent malignant testicular germ cell tumors in the pediatric age. This neoplasm, like the other subtypes of GCT, have been linked to risk factors such as cryptorchidism, family history of testicular neoplasia or GCT, genetic alterations and testicular microlithiasis. The age of presentation in most cases is around 16 and 17 months of age. In general, they present as asymptomatic testicular masses, so that parents or primary care physicians are usually the first to identify them. Endodermal sinus tumors characteristically produce alpha fetoprotein (AFP), so this is considered the most important serological marker for diagnosis and follow-up after treatment. Scrotal ultrasound is considered the most important diagnostic tool for the characterization of testicular masses. It is said that in general the yolk sac tumors present as solid masses, with great hypervascularity. The majority of patients present initially with stage I disease, with radical orchiectomy being the only therapy required in this phase. In more advanced cases, the implementation of platinum-based chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival.
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References
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