Cómo citar
1.
Peña Miranda M, Barquero Orias DE, Molina Jiménez VN, Segura Guevara JM. Infección del virus de la hepatitis E en mujeres embarazadas. Rev.méd.sinerg. [Internet]. 1 de abril de 2019 [citado 20 de diciembre de 2024];4(4):32 - 40. Disponible en: https://revistamedicasinergia.com/index.php/rms/article/view/186
Resumen
El virus de la hepatitis E es un agente infeccioso emergente que afecta tanto países en vías de desarrollo como países ya desarrollados. Este virus hepatotropo causa una amplia gama de cuadros clínicos; desde hepatitis viral aguda autolimitada hasta falla hepática fulminante. Las mujeres embarazadas se encuentran en mayor riesgo, por causas hormonales e inmunológicas, de una evolución tórpida de esta enfermedad aumentando la morbimortalidad materno-fetal. El manejo de la hepatitis E en mujeres gestantes se limita a tratamiento de soporte, por lo que las medidas preventivas son la meta principal para esta población. Este artículo de revisión destaca la epidemiología, los diferentes cuadros clínicos y complicaciones obstétricas asociadas a la infección del virus de la hepatitis E durante el embarazo. Además, se discute el rol de la progesterona y el sistema inmunológico en las pacientes afectadas por esta enfermedad.
Palabras clave
hepatitis. Infección,. embarazo. complicaciones del embarazo. falla hepática.
Citas
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2. Pérez-Gracia M, Suay-García B, Mateos-Lindemann M. Hepatitis E and pregnancy: current state. Reviews in Medical Virology [Internet]. 2017 [citado 22 Febrero 2019];27(3):e1929. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rmv.1929
3. Wedemeyer H, Pischke S, Manns M. Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatitis E Virus Infection. Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2012 [citado 18 Febrero 2019];142(6):1388-1397.e1. Disponible en: https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(12)00227-2/fulltext
4. Khuroo M, Khuroo M. Hepatitis E: an emerging global disease - from discovery towards control and cure. Journal of Viral Hepatitis [Internet]. 2015 [citado 19 Febrero 2019];23(2):68-79. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jvh.12445
5. Teshale E, Hu D, Holmberg S. The Two Faces of Hepatitis E Virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2010 [citado 17 Febrero 2019];51(3):328-334. Disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/51/3/328/307805
6. Borkakoti J, Hazam R, Mohammad A, Kumar A, Kar P. Does high viral load of hepatitis E virus influence the severity and prognosis of acute liver failure during pregnancy?. Journal of Medical Virology [Internet]. 2012 [citado 24 Febrero 2019];85(4):620-626. Disponible en: https://www.jcehepatology.com/article/S0973-6883(13)00258-2/pdf
7. Hakim M, Wang W, Bramer W, Geng J, Huang F, de Man R et al. The global burden of hepatitis E outbreaks: a systematic review. Liver International [Internet]. 2016 [citado 23 Febrero 2019];37(1):19-31. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27542764
8. Aggarwal R. Clinical presentation of hepatitis E. Virus Research [Internet]. 2011 [citado 17 Febrero 2019];161(1):15-22. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168170211001109
9. Bouthry E, Benachi A, Vivanti A, Letamendia E, Vauloup-Fellous C, Roque-Afonso A. Autochthonous Hepatitis E during Pregnancy, France. Emerging Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2018 [citado 1 Marzo 2019];24(8):1586-1587. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6056134/
10. Tabatabai J, Wenzel J, Soboletzki M, Flux C, Navid M, Schnitzler P. First case report of an acute hepatitis E subgenotype 3c infection during pregnancy in Germany. Journal of Clinical Virology [Internet]. 2014 [citado 20 Febrero 2019];61(1):170-172. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653214002248
11. Patil T, Deshpande A, Gulhane R, Bansod Y, Shinde N, Patil M. Clinical profile, maternal and fetal outcomes of acute hepatitis e in pregnancy. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research [Internet]. 2014 [citado 18 Febrero 2019];4(8):133. Disponible en: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/amhsr/article/view/113611
12. Kamar N, Dalton H, Abravanel F, Izopet J. Hepatitis E Virus Infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews [Internet]. 2014 [citado 24 Febrero 2019];27(1):116-138. Disponible en: https://cmr.asm.org/content/27/1/116.short
13. Bose P, Das B, Kumar A, Gondal R, Kumar D, Kar P. High viral load and deregulation of the progesterone receptor signaling pathway: Association with Hepatitis E-related poor pregnancy outcome. Journal of Hepatology [Internet]. 2011 [citado 20 Febrero 2019];54(6):1107-1113. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168827810009645
14. Kumar A, Devi S, Kar P, Agarwal S, Husain S, Gupta R et al. Association of cytokines in hepatitis E with pregnancy outcome. Cytokine [Internet]. 2014 [citado 24 Febrero 2019];65(1):95-104. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S104346661300714X?via%3Dihub
15. Lhomme S, Marion O, Abravanel F, Chapuy-Regaud S, Kamar N, Izopet J. Hepatitis E Pathogenesis. Viruses [Internet]. 2016 [citado 28 Febrero 2019];8(8):212. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/8/8/212
16. Kmush B, Ali H, Engle R, West K, Shaikh S, Christian P et al. The Association of Cytokines and Micronutrients with Hepatitis E Virus Infection During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Rural Bangladesh. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene [Internet]. 2016 [citado 1 Marzo 2019];94(1):203-211. Disponible en: http://www.ajtmh.org/docserver/fulltext/14761645/94/1/203.pdf?expires=1552068690&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=B29D68E7AEEBE641F08128BA56CB137F
17. Khuroo M, Kamali S, Jameel S. Vertical transmission of hepatitis E virus. The Lancet [Internet]. 1995 [citado 16 Febrero 2019];345(8956):1025-1026. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673695907610
18. Khuroo M, Kamili S, Khuroo M. Clinical course and duration of viremia in vertically transmitted hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in babies born to HEV-infected mothers. Journal of Viral Hepatitis [Internet]. 2009 [citado 18 Febrero 2019];16(7):519-523. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01101.x
19. Krain L, Labrique A, Atwell J, Nelson K. Fetal and Neonatal Health Consequences of Vertically Transmitted Hepatitis E Virus Infection. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene [Internet]. 2014 [citado 24 Febrero 2019];90(2):365-370. Available from: https://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.13-0265
20. Rivero-Juarez A, Frias M, Rodriguez-Cano D, Cuenca-López F, Rivero A. Isolation of Hepatitis E Virus From Breast Milk During Acute Infection: Table 1. Clinical Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2016 [citado 2 Marzo 2019];62(11):1464.2-1464. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27025819
21. Chaudhry S, Verma N, Koren G. Hepatitis E infection during pregnancy. Canadian Family Physician [Internet]. 2015 [citado 22 Febrero 2019];61(7):607-608. Disponible en: http://www.cfp.ca/content/61/7/607
22. Joshi S, Arankalle V. Enhanced humoral response in pregnant mice immunized with liposome encapsulated recombinant neutralizing epitope protein of Hepatitis- E virus. Virology Journal [Internet]. 2015 [citado 24 Febrero 2019];12(1). Disponible en: https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12985-015-0302-8
23. Li S, Zhao Q, Wu T, Chen S, Zhang J, Xia N. The development of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine HEV 239. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics [Internet]. 2015 [citado 3 Marzo 2019];11(4):908-914. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25714510
24. Goel A, Aggarwal R. Advances in hepatitis E – II: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology [Internet]. 2016 [citado 1 Marzo 2019];10(9):1065-1074. Disponible en: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17474124.2016.1185365?scroll=top&needAccess=true
2. Pérez-Gracia M, Suay-García B, Mateos-Lindemann M. Hepatitis E and pregnancy: current state. Reviews in Medical Virology [Internet]. 2017 [citado 22 Febrero 2019];27(3):e1929. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rmv.1929
3. Wedemeyer H, Pischke S, Manns M. Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatitis E Virus Infection. Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2012 [citado 18 Febrero 2019];142(6):1388-1397.e1. Disponible en: https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(12)00227-2/fulltext
4. Khuroo M, Khuroo M. Hepatitis E: an emerging global disease - from discovery towards control and cure. Journal of Viral Hepatitis [Internet]. 2015 [citado 19 Febrero 2019];23(2):68-79. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jvh.12445
5. Teshale E, Hu D, Holmberg S. The Two Faces of Hepatitis E Virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2010 [citado 17 Febrero 2019];51(3):328-334. Disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/51/3/328/307805
6. Borkakoti J, Hazam R, Mohammad A, Kumar A, Kar P. Does high viral load of hepatitis E virus influence the severity and prognosis of acute liver failure during pregnancy?. Journal of Medical Virology [Internet]. 2012 [citado 24 Febrero 2019];85(4):620-626. Disponible en: https://www.jcehepatology.com/article/S0973-6883(13)00258-2/pdf
7. Hakim M, Wang W, Bramer W, Geng J, Huang F, de Man R et al. The global burden of hepatitis E outbreaks: a systematic review. Liver International [Internet]. 2016 [citado 23 Febrero 2019];37(1):19-31. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27542764
8. Aggarwal R. Clinical presentation of hepatitis E. Virus Research [Internet]. 2011 [citado 17 Febrero 2019];161(1):15-22. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168170211001109
9. Bouthry E, Benachi A, Vivanti A, Letamendia E, Vauloup-Fellous C, Roque-Afonso A. Autochthonous Hepatitis E during Pregnancy, France. Emerging Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2018 [citado 1 Marzo 2019];24(8):1586-1587. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6056134/
10. Tabatabai J, Wenzel J, Soboletzki M, Flux C, Navid M, Schnitzler P. First case report of an acute hepatitis E subgenotype 3c infection during pregnancy in Germany. Journal of Clinical Virology [Internet]. 2014 [citado 20 Febrero 2019];61(1):170-172. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653214002248
11. Patil T, Deshpande A, Gulhane R, Bansod Y, Shinde N, Patil M. Clinical profile, maternal and fetal outcomes of acute hepatitis e in pregnancy. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research [Internet]. 2014 [citado 18 Febrero 2019];4(8):133. Disponible en: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/amhsr/article/view/113611
12. Kamar N, Dalton H, Abravanel F, Izopet J. Hepatitis E Virus Infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews [Internet]. 2014 [citado 24 Febrero 2019];27(1):116-138. Disponible en: https://cmr.asm.org/content/27/1/116.short
13. Bose P, Das B, Kumar A, Gondal R, Kumar D, Kar P. High viral load and deregulation of the progesterone receptor signaling pathway: Association with Hepatitis E-related poor pregnancy outcome. Journal of Hepatology [Internet]. 2011 [citado 20 Febrero 2019];54(6):1107-1113. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168827810009645
14. Kumar A, Devi S, Kar P, Agarwal S, Husain S, Gupta R et al. Association of cytokines in hepatitis E with pregnancy outcome. Cytokine [Internet]. 2014 [citado 24 Febrero 2019];65(1):95-104. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S104346661300714X?via%3Dihub
15. Lhomme S, Marion O, Abravanel F, Chapuy-Regaud S, Kamar N, Izopet J. Hepatitis E Pathogenesis. Viruses [Internet]. 2016 [citado 28 Febrero 2019];8(8):212. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/8/8/212
16. Kmush B, Ali H, Engle R, West K, Shaikh S, Christian P et al. The Association of Cytokines and Micronutrients with Hepatitis E Virus Infection During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Rural Bangladesh. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene [Internet]. 2016 [citado 1 Marzo 2019];94(1):203-211. Disponible en: http://www.ajtmh.org/docserver/fulltext/14761645/94/1/203.pdf?expires=1552068690&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=B29D68E7AEEBE641F08128BA56CB137F
17. Khuroo M, Kamali S, Jameel S. Vertical transmission of hepatitis E virus. The Lancet [Internet]. 1995 [citado 16 Febrero 2019];345(8956):1025-1026. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673695907610
18. Khuroo M, Kamili S, Khuroo M. Clinical course and duration of viremia in vertically transmitted hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in babies born to HEV-infected mothers. Journal of Viral Hepatitis [Internet]. 2009 [citado 18 Febrero 2019];16(7):519-523. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01101.x
19. Krain L, Labrique A, Atwell J, Nelson K. Fetal and Neonatal Health Consequences of Vertically Transmitted Hepatitis E Virus Infection. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene [Internet]. 2014 [citado 24 Febrero 2019];90(2):365-370. Available from: https://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.13-0265
20. Rivero-Juarez A, Frias M, Rodriguez-Cano D, Cuenca-López F, Rivero A. Isolation of Hepatitis E Virus From Breast Milk During Acute Infection: Table 1. Clinical Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2016 [citado 2 Marzo 2019];62(11):1464.2-1464. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27025819
21. Chaudhry S, Verma N, Koren G. Hepatitis E infection during pregnancy. Canadian Family Physician [Internet]. 2015 [citado 22 Febrero 2019];61(7):607-608. Disponible en: http://www.cfp.ca/content/61/7/607
22. Joshi S, Arankalle V. Enhanced humoral response in pregnant mice immunized with liposome encapsulated recombinant neutralizing epitope protein of Hepatitis- E virus. Virology Journal [Internet]. 2015 [citado 24 Febrero 2019];12(1). Disponible en: https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12985-015-0302-8
23. Li S, Zhao Q, Wu T, Chen S, Zhang J, Xia N. The development of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine HEV 239. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics [Internet]. 2015 [citado 3 Marzo 2019];11(4):908-914. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25714510
24. Goel A, Aggarwal R. Advances in hepatitis E – II: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology [Internet]. 2016 [citado 1 Marzo 2019];10(9):1065-1074. Disponible en: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17474124.2016.1185365?scroll=top&needAccess=true
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