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El término “microbiota” se refiere al ecosistema de microorganismos que coloniza el tracto gastrointestinal. Sus funciones principales son la nutrición, metabolismo, defensa y función trófica. Está influenciada por factores tanto internos como externos. La disbiosis es la alteración de la microbiota intestinal y su relación con el huésped se ha asociado recientemente con la enfermedad cardiovascular. Se ha confirmado que la microbiota aumenta el riesgo cardiovascular por diferentes mecanismos, principalmente por aumento en la grasa corporal, aumento del estrés oxidativo, producción de metabólicos tóxicos e inflamación sistémica. La dieta al ser uno de los principales modulares de las cepas bacterianas, representa un objetivo terapéutico y preventivo prometedor, así como otras terapias en estudio.
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