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La enfermedad cardiovascular representa una de las principales causas de mortalidad en mujeres postmenopáusicas. Posterior a la menopausia, se presentan múltiples factores que aumentan el riesgo real de enfermedad cardiovascular, dentro de los cuales se incluye el tabaquismo, la hipertensión arterial, las dislipidemias, la diabetes mellitus tipo dos, la edad de la menarca y de la menopausia, así como los síntomas vasomotores, además de factores de riesgo tradicionales del periodo de transición, tales como la disminución de la tolerancia a la glucosa y la disfunción endotelial. Asimismo, se incluyen otros factores, como la disfunción ovárica primaria y la menopausia inducida quirúrgicamente, que suelen adelantar todos los procesos fisiológicos de una menopausia natural, resultando en un importante aumento del riesgo cardiovascular.
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