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Abstract
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is a common infection in pediatrics. Most cases occur in healthy children; however, there are factors that increase the risk of suffering from this disease. Even though its pathogenesis is multifactorial and not completely understood; the most common etiologic agent is Staphylococcus aureus. However, there are others that should be considered depending on the patient’s age and risk factors. The clinical presentation is usually variable, so it is essential to have high clinical suspicion for the diagnosis. Clinical manifestations, inflammatory markers, imaging studies, and cultures are considered for the diagnosis. The treatment with antibiotics must be given for at least 4 weeks; it is started empirically, targeting the most frequent pathogen and according to the susceptibility for the geographical site. Usually, patients have a very good prognosis and complications are reported in less than 10% of cases; considering that the biggest risk factor is inadequate treatment of the acute infection.
This article consists of a bibliographic review on the generalities of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in pediatric patients, with a focus on etiology, microbiology, and management.
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References
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