Abstract
Thromboangiitis obliterans is considered to be a nonatherosclerotic, inflammatory, and vaso-occlusive disease, which manifests as distal ischemia predominantly in arteries and veins at infrapopliteal and infrabrachial levels. It affects arteries and veins of medium and small caliber. It has a close relationship with tobacco and low socioeconomic status.
Keywords
Buerger. angiography. migratory thrombophlebitis. martorell sign. Raynaud's phenomenon. claudication.
References
1. Cronenwett & Johnston. (2014). Rutherford´s Vascular Surgery 8 TH Edition. Philadelphia: ELSEVIER Saunders.
2. Peter F. Klein-Weige and Jutta G. Richter. (2014). Tromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerguer Disease). Hans Huber Publishers, Hogrefe AG, Bern, 43, 337-350. 21-9-2016, De EBSCO Base de datos.
3. Bahare Fazeli, Hassan Ravar and Reza Assadi. (2012). Natural history definition and a suggested clinical approach to Buerger’s disease: a case-control study with survival analysis. Royal Society of Medicine Press, 20, 198-202. 21-9-2016, De EBSCO Base de datos.
4. Bahare Fazeli & Hadi Modaghegh & Hasan Ravrai & Gholamhossein Kazemzadeh. (2007). Thrombophlebitis migrans as a footprint of Buerger’s disease: a prospective–descriptive study in north-east of Iran. Clinical Rheumatology, 27, 55-57. 21-9-2016, De EBSCO Base de datos.
5. Siva S. Ketha and Leslie T. Cooper. (2013). The role of autoimmunity in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease). ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 1285, 15-25. 29-9- 2016, De EBSCO Base de datos.
2. Peter F. Klein-Weige and Jutta G. Richter. (2014). Tromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerguer Disease). Hans Huber Publishers, Hogrefe AG, Bern, 43, 337-350. 21-9-2016, De EBSCO Base de datos.
3. Bahare Fazeli, Hassan Ravar and Reza Assadi. (2012). Natural history definition and a suggested clinical approach to Buerger’s disease: a case-control study with survival analysis. Royal Society of Medicine Press, 20, 198-202. 21-9-2016, De EBSCO Base de datos.
4. Bahare Fazeli & Hadi Modaghegh & Hasan Ravrai & Gholamhossein Kazemzadeh. (2007). Thrombophlebitis migrans as a footprint of Buerger’s disease: a prospective–descriptive study in north-east of Iran. Clinical Rheumatology, 27, 55-57. 21-9-2016, De EBSCO Base de datos.
5. Siva S. Ketha and Leslie T. Cooper. (2013). The role of autoimmunity in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease). ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 1285, 15-25. 29-9- 2016, De EBSCO Base de datos.
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