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Abstract
Kawasaki disease is an acute small- and medium-vessel vasculitis that affects children under five years of age. The peak age of incidence is between 18-24 months, with high geographic, seasonal, and ethnic variability. The etiology of the disease is unknown; however, it is hypothesized that exposure to an unidentified infectious agent triggers a disproportionate immune response in patients who are genetically susceptible. The diagnosis is based on clinical criteria that include fever, bilateral conjunctival injection, changes in oral cavity and lips, rash, changes in upper and lower extremities, and non-suppurative cervical lymphadenopathy. The basis of treatment relies on administration of intravenous immunoglobulin during the acute phase of the disease to reduce inflammation and prevention of thrombotic events. The most concerning complications of the disease affect the cardiovascular system, such as coronary artery aneurysm, and acute myocardial infarction.
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References
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