Thyroid nodule: a comprehensive approach

Abstract

Thyroid nodules are a frequent cause of consultation and concern among patients, the widespread use of imaging studies has led to an increase in the incidence of this entity, despite its low risk of malignancy is a diagnostic challenge to detect potentially malignant nodules, in order to do so, an anamnesis and physical examination aimed at detecting risk factors in personal and family history, in addition to physical signs suggestive of an infiltrative process is performed. Within the initial approach, measurement of serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels and thyroid ultrasound are indicated, as well as other diagnostic studies such as scintigraphy, cytology and molecular tests that help to determine the functionality and nature of the nodule.  Treatment of nodules can be medical or surgical, while some only require observation over time.  The high prevalence of thyroid nodules requires cost-effective and evidence-based strategies to perform risk stratification, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of this pathology.