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Abstract
Aspiration pneumonia refers to the pulmonary consequences caused by the abnormal entry of fluid, exogenous substances in particles or endogenous secretions in the lower respiratory tract, and microaspiration is an essential characteristic. It accounts for almost one sixth of the community-acquired pneumonia cases that warrant hospitalization. The most common and best-studied clinical syndromes are chemical pneumonitis, bacterial infection, and airway obstruction. Symptoms encompass a wide range from the absence of symptoms to respiratory failure, and there is no universal definition, a risk rating system or a set of specific diagnostic criteria. The diagnosis is based on a clinical history with clinical characteristics of typical or atypical pneumonia, supported by compatible findings on chest radiography or other imaging studies. Treatment is based on patient support measures, aspiration of gastric content and airway remains, it can be supplemented with antibiotics in case of coinciding with bacterial symptoms, always identifying the origin of the infection, whether community or nosocomial, and guided by results of microbiological samples. There are some measures that have been used to help prevent aspiration pneumonia.
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References
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