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Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a relatively rare malignant neoplasm that arises from the bile duct epithelium. It can be classified according to its anatomical distribution as intrahepatic or extrahepatic. Geographical variations in the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma are related to variations in risk factors, the main ones being viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholelithiasis.
Despite the differences in the location of cholangiocarcinoma, it is associated with a poor prognosis and it is surgical resection that offers the best chance of cure. Therapeutic resistance is influenced by the rich tumor microenvironment and genetic heterogeneity characteristic of cholangiocarcinoma. Those patients with unresectable disease are still considered incurable.
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References
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