How to Cite
1.
Leiva Gabriel K, Quesada Vargas V. New pharmacological strategies for the treatment in smoking cessation. Rev.méd.sinerg. [Internet]. 2019Jun.1 [cited 2024Jul.22];4(6):73 - 80. Available from: https://revistamedicasinergia.com/index.php/rms/article/view/246
Abstract
Nowadays, smoking, remains the worldwide leading cause of death by preventable disease. As smoking is physiologically and psychologically addictive, the quitting success rates remain low. As part of the quitting process, the pharmacology therapy must go hand in hand with behavioral therapy. The FDA has approved three first-line drugs for smoking cessation: nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion and varenicline. Nicotine inhalers have been shown to be as effective as other commercial forms of nicotine replacement therapy. Bupropion, initially commercialize as an antidepressant, has shown to be highly effective in smoking cessation. This drug decreases the anxiety that patients experience when quitting smoking, in addition to control weight gain during the process. Varenicline is the treatment of higher efficacy, being superior than NRT and bupropion, due to its dual effect on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Keywords
smoking reduction. abuse - deterrent formulations. nicotine. bupropion. varenicline.
References
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13. Issa J, Santos P, Vieira L, Abe T, Kuperszmidt C, Nakasato M et al. Smoking cessation and weight gain in patients with cardiovascular disease or risk factor. International Journal of Cardiology. 2014; 172(2): 485-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.055
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15. Kazan T, Charntikov S. Individual differences in responding to bupropion or varenicline in a preclinical model of nicotine self-administration vary according to individual demand for nicotine. Neuropharmacology. 2019; 148: 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.031
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19. Steinberg M, Lu S, Williams J. Varenicline for smoking reduction in smokers not yet ready to quit: A double-blind, proof-of-concept randomized clinical trial. Addictive Behaviors. 2018; 84: 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.026
20. Cahill K, Lindson-Hawley N, Thomas K, Fanshawe T, Lancaster T. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016; (5): CD006103. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub7
21. Anthenelli R, Benowitz N, West R, St Aubin L, McRae T, Lawrence D et al. Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The Lancet. 2016; 387(10037): 2507-2520. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30272-0
22. Seguí Díaz M. ¿Cuáles son los efectos cardiovasculares y neuropsiquiátricos de la vareniclina en el tratamiento del tabaquismo?. SEMERGEN - Medicina de Familia. 2016; 42(6): e67-e68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2015.11.004
23. Kotz D, Simpson C, Viechtbauer W, van Schayck O, West R, Sheikh A. Cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric safety of varenicline and bupropion compared with nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: study protocol of a retrospective cohort study using the QResearch general practice database. BMJ Open. 2014; 4(8): e005281-e005281. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005281
2. Benli A, Erturhan S, Oruc M, Kalpakci P, Sunay D, Demirel Y. A comparison of the efficacy of varenicline and bupropion and an evaluation of the effect of the medications in the context of the smoking cessation programme. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2017; 15(February): 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12971-017-0116-0
3. Hakan T, Murat A, Özgür D, Metin Ç. Success Rate of Pharmacological Therapies Used for Smoking Cessation and Factors that Affect Smoking Cessation Rates. European Journal of General Medicine. 2015; 12(2): 125-130. https://doi.org/10.15197/sabad.1.12.26
4. Barua R, Rigotti N, Benowitz N, Cummings K, Jazayeri M, Morris P et al. 2018 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Tobacco Cessation Treatment. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018; 72(25): 3332-3365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.027
5. Liu M, Li X, Fan R, Liu X, Wang J. A Systematic Analysis of Candidate Genes Associated with Nicotine Addiction. BioMed Research International. 2015; 2015: 313709. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/313709
6. Regalado-Pineda J, Lara-Rivas G, Osio-Echánove J, Ramírez-Venegas A. Tratamiento actual del tabaquismo. Salud Pública de México. 2007; 49(0036-3634): s270-s279. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-36342007000800018
7. Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin S, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T. Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018; (5): CD000146. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5
8. George T. Nicotine and Tobacco. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 25th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders; 2016. p 145-149.
9. Benowitz N, Brunetta P. Smoking Hazards and Cessation. Murray & Nadel’s textbook of respiratory medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. 807-821.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-3383-5.00046-4
10. Cahill K, Stevens S, Perera R, Lancaster T. Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013; (5): CD009329. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009329.pub2
11. Lerman C, Shields P, Wileyto E, Audrain J, Hawk L, Pinto A et al. Effects of dopamine transporter and receptor polymorphisms on smoking cessation in a bupropion clinical trial. Health Psychology. 2003; 22(5): 541-548. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.22.5.541
12. Díaz J, Jiménez C. Tratamiento farmacológico del tabaquismo. Información Terapéutica del Sistema Nacional de Salud. 2008; 32(3). p71-82.
13. Issa J, Santos P, Vieira L, Abe T, Kuperszmidt C, Nakasato M et al. Smoking cessation and weight gain in patients with cardiovascular disease or risk factor. International Journal of Cardiology. 2014; 172(2): 485-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.055
14. Bagdas D, Alkhlaif Y, Jackson A, Carroll F, Ditre J, Damaj M. New insights on the effects of varenicline on nicotine reward, withdrawal and hyperalgesia in mice. Neuropharmacology. 2018; 138: 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.025
15. Kazan T, Charntikov S. Individual differences in responding to bupropion or varenicline in a preclinical model of nicotine self-administration vary according to individual demand for nicotine. Neuropharmacology. 2019; 148: 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.031
16. McDonough M. Update on medicines for smoking cessation. Australian Prescriber. 2015 ;38(4): 106-111. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2015.038
17. Peña G. P, Zagolin B. M. Vareniclina. Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias. 2017; 33(3): 212-215. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73482017000300212
18. Hays J, Ebbert J. Varenicline for Tobacco Dependence. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008; 359(19): 2018-2024. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMct0800146
19. Steinberg M, Lu S, Williams J. Varenicline for smoking reduction in smokers not yet ready to quit: A double-blind, proof-of-concept randomized clinical trial. Addictive Behaviors. 2018; 84: 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.026
20. Cahill K, Lindson-Hawley N, Thomas K, Fanshawe T, Lancaster T. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016; (5): CD006103. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub7
21. Anthenelli R, Benowitz N, West R, St Aubin L, McRae T, Lawrence D et al. Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The Lancet. 2016; 387(10037): 2507-2520. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30272-0
22. Seguí Díaz M. ¿Cuáles son los efectos cardiovasculares y neuropsiquiátricos de la vareniclina en el tratamiento del tabaquismo?. SEMERGEN - Medicina de Familia. 2016; 42(6): e67-e68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2015.11.004
23. Kotz D, Simpson C, Viechtbauer W, van Schayck O, West R, Sheikh A. Cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric safety of varenicline and bupropion compared with nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: study protocol of a retrospective cohort study using the QResearch general practice database. BMJ Open. 2014; 4(8): e005281-e005281. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005281
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