Adenomyosis: a look at this complex gynecological pathology

Abstract

Adenomyosis corresponds to a benign gynecological pathology, which frequently occurs in female patients, where an invasion of the myometrium by the endometrium occurs causing microscopic and macroscopic changes in the uterus. The incidence and prevalence are difficult to estimate, however, it affects approximately 35% of women, this in relation to risk factors. There are multiple theories of why this pathology occurs, among the relevant ones are embryonic intussusception, presence of metalloproteinases, alteration in the modulation of estrogen and progestin receptors and others. The predominant signs and symptoms are dysmenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding. To have an accurate diagnosis, a biopsy is performed after hysterectomy; however, in nowdays the ultrasound (US) and nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI) are useful tools for diagnosis. Currently the treatment of choice corresponds to hysterectomy, on the other hand there are alternatives in case the patient wants to continue with the desire to reproduce. The prognosis is individualized and uncertain according to each patient.