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Abstract
Blood transfusions are procedures performed daily in healthcare centers around the world, and acute transfusion reactions are a serious and potentially life-threatening complication associated with them. Acute transfusion reactions are defined as those that occur within the first 24 hours, with the most frequent being non-hemolytic febrile reactions, allergic and anaphylactic reactions, circulatory overload, acute lung injury, and hemolysis. Clinical manifestations range from very mild and self-limiting, such as fever, chills, nausea, and changes in blood pressure and heart rate, to more serious ones with cardiovascular compromise, renal failure, coagulation disorders, and even death.
Understanding the pathophysiology, risk factors, and differences in clinical presentation allows for early identification of the reaction, which is critical to minimizing morbidity and mortality and optimizing clinical outcomes. The implementation of mitigation strategies and other preventive measures can reduce the risk of adverse events related to transfusion. Measures such as appropriate donor selection, accurate recipient identification, and continuous monitoring in patients with risk factors such as children, older adults, patients with cardiac or renal problems, a history of cancer, or repeat transfusions. This article reviews the current literature on acute transfusion reactions and provides useful information for clinical practice.
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References
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