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Los sarcomas representan un grupo heterogéneo de tumores malignos de origen mesenquimal que puede surgir de cualquier sitio anatómico. De los sarcomas de tejidos blandos, el sarcoma retroperitoneal representa aproximadamente 15-20%. Usualmente crecen a más de 20 cm y los envuelven o infiltran varias vísceras y estructuras neurovasculares mayores, por lo que la cirugía es de alta complejidad. La radioterapia y quimioterapia tienen rol en adyuvancia o neoadyuvancia pero la cirugía sigue siendo la base del tratamiento para los sarcomas retroperitoneales resecables.
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