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El síndrome opsoclonus-mioclonus es una condición rara, asociada con una etiología de carácter autoinmune, tanto paraneoplásica, parainfecciosa o idiopática. Estos pacientes se presentan con ataxia del tronco y extremidades, con caídas, opsoclonus, mioclonías, y se puede acompañar de diversos grados de encefalopatía, signos cerebelosos y alteraciones del sueño. En el caso de la población pediátrica, se debe evaluar por neuroblastoma; y en adultos con encefalopatía asociada se debe realizar una evaluación exhaustiva para detectar malignidad oculta. Mientras que los síntomas neurológicos agudos pueden controlarse mediante inmunoterapia, y se ha visto respuesta parcial a tratamiento antitumoral, el resultado a largo plazo se caracteriza por la presencia de déficit neuropsicológico.
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