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En el ictus cerebral ocurren múltiples procesos fisiopatológicos complejos que determinan el daño cerebral primario y secundario. El óxido nítrico cumple un papel fundamental en la fisiopatología del ictus, representa es un componente primario en su desarrollo y progresión. Está íntimamente relacionado con la activación de la cascada inflamatoria, la alteración de la función mitocondrial, la angiogénesis y la neurogénesis. Estos últimos dos procesos son fundamentales para la neurorreparación posterior al ictus por lo cual han sido ampliamente estudiados. Las tres vías de producción del óxido nítrico se ven involucradas. El óxido nítrico puede desempeñarse como un agente perjudicial o protector dependiendo de donde se produzca.
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