Cómo citar
1.
Leiva Gabriel K, Quesada Vargas V. Nuevas estrategias farmacológicas para el tratamiento de cesación de tabaco. Rev.méd.sinerg. [Internet]. 1 de junio de 2019 [citado 22 de diciembre de 2024];4(6):73 - 80. Disponible en: https://revistamedicasinergia.com/index.php/rms/article/view/246
Resumen
En la actualidad, el tabaquismo, continúa siendo la principal causa de enfermedades y muertes prevenibles a nivel mundial. El fumado al ser fisiológica y psicológicamente adictivo, persiste con tasas de éxito de abandono bajas. Como parte del proceso de cesado, la terapia farmacológica debe de ir estrictamente de la mano con la terapia conductual. La FDA ha aprobado tres fármacos de primera línea: la terapia de sustitución de nicotina (TSN), el Bupropión y la Vareniclina. Los inhaladores de nicotina han demostrado ser igual de eficaces que el resto de formas comerciales de TSN. El Bupropión, inicialmente comercializado como antidepresivo, mostró ser altamente efectivo en el cese del fumado, además de controlar la ganancia de peso durante el proceso. La Vareniclina es tratamiento de más alta eficacia, mostrando superioridad sobre la TSN y el Bupropión, debido a su efecto dual sobre receptores nicotínicos de acetilcolina.
Palabras clave
reducción del hábito de fumar. formulaciones disuasorias del abuso. nicotina. bupropión. vareniclina.
Citas
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2. Benli A, Erturhan S, Oruc M, Kalpakci P, Sunay D, Demirel Y. A comparison of the efficacy of varenicline and bupropion and an evaluation of the effect of the medications in the context of the smoking cessation programme. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2017; 15(February): 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12971-017-0116-0
3. Hakan T, Murat A, Özgür D, Metin Ç. Success Rate of Pharmacological Therapies Used for Smoking Cessation and Factors that Affect Smoking Cessation Rates. European Journal of General Medicine. 2015; 12(2): 125-130. https://doi.org/10.15197/sabad.1.12.26
4. Barua R, Rigotti N, Benowitz N, Cummings K, Jazayeri M, Morris P et al. 2018 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Tobacco Cessation Treatment. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018; 72(25): 3332-3365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.027
5. Liu M, Li X, Fan R, Liu X, Wang J. A Systematic Analysis of Candidate Genes Associated with Nicotine Addiction. BioMed Research International. 2015; 2015: 313709. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/313709
6. Regalado-Pineda J, Lara-Rivas G, Osio-Echánove J, Ramírez-Venegas A. Tratamiento actual del tabaquismo. Salud Pública de México. 2007; 49(0036-3634): s270-s279. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-36342007000800018
7. Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin S, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T. Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018; (5): CD000146. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5
8. George T. Nicotine and Tobacco. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 25th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders; 2016. p 145-149.
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10. Cahill K, Stevens S, Perera R, Lancaster T. Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013; (5): CD009329. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009329.pub2
11. Lerman C, Shields P, Wileyto E, Audrain J, Hawk L, Pinto A et al. Effects of dopamine transporter and receptor polymorphisms on smoking cessation in a bupropion clinical trial. Health Psychology. 2003; 22(5): 541-548. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.22.5.541
12. Díaz J, Jiménez C. Tratamiento farmacológico del tabaquismo. Información Terapéutica del Sistema Nacional de Salud. 2008; 32(3). p71-82.
13. Issa J, Santos P, Vieira L, Abe T, Kuperszmidt C, Nakasato M et al. Smoking cessation and weight gain in patients with cardiovascular disease or risk factor. International Journal of Cardiology. 2014; 172(2): 485-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.055
14. Bagdas D, Alkhlaif Y, Jackson A, Carroll F, Ditre J, Damaj M. New insights on the effects of varenicline on nicotine reward, withdrawal and hyperalgesia in mice. Neuropharmacology. 2018; 138: 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.025
15. Kazan T, Charntikov S. Individual differences in responding to bupropion or varenicline in a preclinical model of nicotine self-administration vary according to individual demand for nicotine. Neuropharmacology. 2019; 148: 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.031
16. McDonough M. Update on medicines for smoking cessation. Australian Prescriber. 2015 ;38(4): 106-111. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2015.038
17. Peña G. P, Zagolin B. M. Vareniclina. Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias. 2017; 33(3): 212-215. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73482017000300212
18. Hays J, Ebbert J. Varenicline for Tobacco Dependence. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008; 359(19): 2018-2024. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMct0800146
19. Steinberg M, Lu S, Williams J. Varenicline for smoking reduction in smokers not yet ready to quit: A double-blind, proof-of-concept randomized clinical trial. Addictive Behaviors. 2018; 84: 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.026
20. Cahill K, Lindson-Hawley N, Thomas K, Fanshawe T, Lancaster T. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016; (5): CD006103. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub7
21. Anthenelli R, Benowitz N, West R, St Aubin L, McRae T, Lawrence D et al. Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The Lancet. 2016; 387(10037): 2507-2520. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30272-0
22. Seguí Díaz M. ¿Cuáles son los efectos cardiovasculares y neuropsiquiátricos de la vareniclina en el tratamiento del tabaquismo?. SEMERGEN - Medicina de Familia. 2016; 42(6): e67-e68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2015.11.004
23. Kotz D, Simpson C, Viechtbauer W, van Schayck O, West R, Sheikh A. Cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric safety of varenicline and bupropion compared with nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: study protocol of a retrospective cohort study using the QResearch general practice database. BMJ Open. 2014; 4(8): e005281-e005281. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005281
2. Benli A, Erturhan S, Oruc M, Kalpakci P, Sunay D, Demirel Y. A comparison of the efficacy of varenicline and bupropion and an evaluation of the effect of the medications in the context of the smoking cessation programme. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2017; 15(February): 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12971-017-0116-0
3. Hakan T, Murat A, Özgür D, Metin Ç. Success Rate of Pharmacological Therapies Used for Smoking Cessation and Factors that Affect Smoking Cessation Rates. European Journal of General Medicine. 2015; 12(2): 125-130. https://doi.org/10.15197/sabad.1.12.26
4. Barua R, Rigotti N, Benowitz N, Cummings K, Jazayeri M, Morris P et al. 2018 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Tobacco Cessation Treatment. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018; 72(25): 3332-3365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.027
5. Liu M, Li X, Fan R, Liu X, Wang J. A Systematic Analysis of Candidate Genes Associated with Nicotine Addiction. BioMed Research International. 2015; 2015: 313709. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/313709
6. Regalado-Pineda J, Lara-Rivas G, Osio-Echánove J, Ramírez-Venegas A. Tratamiento actual del tabaquismo. Salud Pública de México. 2007; 49(0036-3634): s270-s279. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-36342007000800018
7. Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin S, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T. Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018; (5): CD000146. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5
8. George T. Nicotine and Tobacco. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 25th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders; 2016. p 145-149.
9. Benowitz N, Brunetta P. Smoking Hazards and Cessation. Murray & Nadel’s textbook of respiratory medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. 807-821.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-3383-5.00046-4
10. Cahill K, Stevens S, Perera R, Lancaster T. Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013; (5): CD009329. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009329.pub2
11. Lerman C, Shields P, Wileyto E, Audrain J, Hawk L, Pinto A et al. Effects of dopamine transporter and receptor polymorphisms on smoking cessation in a bupropion clinical trial. Health Psychology. 2003; 22(5): 541-548. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.22.5.541
12. Díaz J, Jiménez C. Tratamiento farmacológico del tabaquismo. Información Terapéutica del Sistema Nacional de Salud. 2008; 32(3). p71-82.
13. Issa J, Santos P, Vieira L, Abe T, Kuperszmidt C, Nakasato M et al. Smoking cessation and weight gain in patients with cardiovascular disease or risk factor. International Journal of Cardiology. 2014; 172(2): 485-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.055
14. Bagdas D, Alkhlaif Y, Jackson A, Carroll F, Ditre J, Damaj M. New insights on the effects of varenicline on nicotine reward, withdrawal and hyperalgesia in mice. Neuropharmacology. 2018; 138: 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.025
15. Kazan T, Charntikov S. Individual differences in responding to bupropion or varenicline in a preclinical model of nicotine self-administration vary according to individual demand for nicotine. Neuropharmacology. 2019; 148: 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.031
16. McDonough M. Update on medicines for smoking cessation. Australian Prescriber. 2015 ;38(4): 106-111. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2015.038
17. Peña G. P, Zagolin B. M. Vareniclina. Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias. 2017; 33(3): 212-215. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73482017000300212
18. Hays J, Ebbert J. Varenicline for Tobacco Dependence. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008; 359(19): 2018-2024. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMct0800146
19. Steinberg M, Lu S, Williams J. Varenicline for smoking reduction in smokers not yet ready to quit: A double-blind, proof-of-concept randomized clinical trial. Addictive Behaviors. 2018; 84: 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.026
20. Cahill K, Lindson-Hawley N, Thomas K, Fanshawe T, Lancaster T. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016; (5): CD006103. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub7
21. Anthenelli R, Benowitz N, West R, St Aubin L, McRae T, Lawrence D et al. Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The Lancet. 2016; 387(10037): 2507-2520. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30272-0
22. Seguí Díaz M. ¿Cuáles son los efectos cardiovasculares y neuropsiquiátricos de la vareniclina en el tratamiento del tabaquismo?. SEMERGEN - Medicina de Familia. 2016; 42(6): e67-e68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2015.11.004
23. Kotz D, Simpson C, Viechtbauer W, van Schayck O, West R, Sheikh A. Cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric safety of varenicline and bupropion compared with nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: study protocol of a retrospective cohort study using the QResearch general practice database. BMJ Open. 2014; 4(8): e005281-e005281. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005281
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