Cómo citar
1.
Cortés Bejarano F, Guislain Ribas PF, Quesada Campos JV. Efectos cardiovasculares en usuarios de cocaína. Rev.méd.sinerg. [Internet]. 1 de mayo de 2019 [citado 21 de noviembre de 2024];4(5):5 - 14. Disponible en: https://revistamedicasinergia.com/index.php/rms/article/view/222
Resumen
La cocaína es una sustancia psicoactiva ampliamente utilizada de forma recreativa. El uso indiscriminado de esta sustancia genera múltiples consultas a los servicios de emergencias, principalmente debido a sus efectos cardiovasculares. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos actúan principalmente en el sistema nervioso simpático, cardiomiocito, plaquetas, canales de sodio y potasio, entre otros. La cocaína sigue siendo altamente prevalente y accesible en la población general y dada su toxicidad cardiovascular, existe un imperativo de salud pública para educar a la población con el fin de reducir su uso y morbimortalidad asociada.
Palabras clave
cocaína. dolor torácico. infarto del miocardio. arritmia.
Citas
1. Galicia M, Nogué S, Burillo-Putze G. Diez años de asistencias urgentes a consumidores de cocaína en España. Medicina Clínica. 2014 Oct;143(7):322-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2013.11.023
2. Politi M, Fallabrino L , Abella D , Cortínez E , Crippa D , Failo M. Complicaciones arrítmicas del consumo de cocaina. Revista Iberoamericana de Arritmología. 2013 06 30;4(1):40-55. https://doi.org/10.5031/v4i1.ria10216
3. Peña L, Arroyante C, Aristizábal J, Goméz U. Toxicología Clínica (1a ed.). Medellín, Colombia: Corporación para investigaciones Biológicas. 2010.
4. Instituto sobre Alcoholismo y Farmacodependencia. Consumo de Cocaína en Población General [Internet]. Costa Rica: Instituto sobre Alcoholismo y Farmacodependencia; 2016 Octubre 10 [2019 Marzo 02]. Disponible en: http://datosabiertos.iafa.go.cr/dashboards/19675/consumo-de-cocaina-en-poblacion-general/
5. Turillazzi E, Bello S, Neri M, Pomara C, Riezzo I, Fineschi V. Cardiovascular Effects of Cocaine: Cellular, Ionic and Molecular Mechanisms. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2012; 19(33): 5664–5676. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986712803988848
6. Maraj S, Figueredo VM, Lynn D. Cocaine and the Heart. Clinical Cardiology. 2010; 33(5): 264–269. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.20746
7. Havakuk O, Rezkalla SH, Kloner RA. The Cardiovascular Effects of Cocaine. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017; 70(1): 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.014
8. Garro K. Cocaína: actualización medico legal. Medicina Legal de Costa Rica. 2011: 28(2), 57-62. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1409-00152011000200007&lng=en
9. Gurudevan SV, Nelson MD, Rader F, Tang X, Lewis J, Johannes J, Victor RG. Cocaine-Induced Vasoconstriction in the Human Coronary Microcirculation. Circulation. 2013; 128(6): 598–604. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002937
10. Stankowski RV, Kloner RA, Rezkalla SH. Cardiovascular consequences of cocaine use. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2015; 25(6): 517–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2014.12.013
11. McCord J, Jneid H, Hollander JE, De Lemos JA, Cercek B, Hsue P, Newby LK. Management of Cocaine-Associated Chest Pain and Myocardial Infarction. Circulation. 2008; 117(14): 1897–1907. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188950
12. Rener A, Figueroa S. Efectos cardiovasculares de la cocaína: A propósito de dos casos. Revista Uruguaya de Cardiología. 2014; 29(1): 60-66.
13. Finkel JB, Marhefka GD. Rethinking Cocaine-Associated Chest Pain and Acute Coronary Syndromes. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2011; 86(12):1198–1207. https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2011.0338
14. Schwartz BG, Rezkalla S, Kloner RA. Cardiovascular Effects of Cocaine. Circulation. 2010; 122(24): 2558–2569. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.940569
15. Phang KW, Wood A. Cocaine use and delayed myocardial ischaemia and / or infarction. Case Reports. 2014; bcr2014206492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-204599
16. Lange RA, Hillis LD. Cardiovascular Complications of Cocaine Use. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001; 345(5): 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200108023450507
17. Qureshi AI, Suri MFK, Guterman LR, Hopkins LN. Cocaine Use and the Likelihood of Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction and Stroke. Circulation. 2001; 103(4): 502–506. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.103.4.502
18. Fuenzaiida A, Valdebenito M, Fajuri A. Infarto agudo al miocardio asociado al uso de cocaína: ¿una entidad diferente?. Revista chilena de cardiología. 2014; 33(2): 123–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-85602014000200006
19. Talarico GP, Crosta ML, Giannico MB, Summaria F, Calò L, Patrizi R. Cocaine and coronary artery diseases. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine. 2017; 18(5): 291–294. https://doi.org/10.2459/JCM.0000000000000511
20. Bachi K, Mani V, Jeyachandran D, Fayad ZA, Goldstein RZ, Alia-Klein N. Vascular disease in cocaine addiction. Atherosclerosis. 2017; 262: 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.03.019
21. Dabbouseh NM, Ardelt A. Cocaine mediated apoptosis of vascular cells as a mechanism for carotid artery dissection leading to ischemic stroke. Medical Hypotheses. 2011; 77(2): 201–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.011
22. Magnano AR, Talathoti NB, Hallur R, Jurus DT, Dizon J, Holleran S, Garan H. Effect of Acute Cocaine Administration on the QTc Interval of Habitual Users. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2006; 97(8): 1244–1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.11.046
23. Ramirez FD, Femenía F, Simpson CS, Redfearn DP, Michael KA, Baranchuk A. Electrocardiographic findings associated with cocaine use in humans: a systematic review. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 2012; 10(1): 105–127. https://doi.org/10.1586/erc.11.152
24. Afonso L, Mohammad T, Thatai D. Crack Whips the Heart: A Review of the Cardiovascular Toxicity of Cocaine. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2007; 100(6): 1040–1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.04.049
25. Patrizi R, Pasceri V, Sciahbasi A, Summaria F, Rosano GM, Lioy E. Evidence of Cocaine-Related Coronary Atherosclerosis in Young Patients With Myocardial Infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2006; 47(10): 2120–2122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.12.060
26. Arora S, Alfayoumi F, Srinivasan V. Transient Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning After Cocaine Use: Is Catecholamine Cardiotoxicity the Pathologic Link?. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2006; 81(6): 829–832. https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.829
27. Nguyen P, Kamran H, Nasir S, Chan W, Shah T, Deswal A, Bozkurt B. Comparison of Frequency of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure Using Versus Not Using Cocaine. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2017; 119(12): 2030–2034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.03.034
28. Salas C. Impacto Económico del Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas en Costa Rica. 1 ed. San José, Costa Rica: Instituto sobre Alcoholismo y Farmacodependencia. 2014.
2. Politi M, Fallabrino L , Abella D , Cortínez E , Crippa D , Failo M. Complicaciones arrítmicas del consumo de cocaina. Revista Iberoamericana de Arritmología. 2013 06 30;4(1):40-55. https://doi.org/10.5031/v4i1.ria10216
3. Peña L, Arroyante C, Aristizábal J, Goméz U. Toxicología Clínica (1a ed.). Medellín, Colombia: Corporación para investigaciones Biológicas. 2010.
4. Instituto sobre Alcoholismo y Farmacodependencia. Consumo de Cocaína en Población General [Internet]. Costa Rica: Instituto sobre Alcoholismo y Farmacodependencia; 2016 Octubre 10 [2019 Marzo 02]. Disponible en: http://datosabiertos.iafa.go.cr/dashboards/19675/consumo-de-cocaina-en-poblacion-general/
5. Turillazzi E, Bello S, Neri M, Pomara C, Riezzo I, Fineschi V. Cardiovascular Effects of Cocaine: Cellular, Ionic and Molecular Mechanisms. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2012; 19(33): 5664–5676. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986712803988848
6. Maraj S, Figueredo VM, Lynn D. Cocaine and the Heart. Clinical Cardiology. 2010; 33(5): 264–269. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.20746
7. Havakuk O, Rezkalla SH, Kloner RA. The Cardiovascular Effects of Cocaine. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017; 70(1): 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.014
8. Garro K. Cocaína: actualización medico legal. Medicina Legal de Costa Rica. 2011: 28(2), 57-62. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1409-00152011000200007&lng=en
9. Gurudevan SV, Nelson MD, Rader F, Tang X, Lewis J, Johannes J, Victor RG. Cocaine-Induced Vasoconstriction in the Human Coronary Microcirculation. Circulation. 2013; 128(6): 598–604. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002937
10. Stankowski RV, Kloner RA, Rezkalla SH. Cardiovascular consequences of cocaine use. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2015; 25(6): 517–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2014.12.013
11. McCord J, Jneid H, Hollander JE, De Lemos JA, Cercek B, Hsue P, Newby LK. Management of Cocaine-Associated Chest Pain and Myocardial Infarction. Circulation. 2008; 117(14): 1897–1907. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188950
12. Rener A, Figueroa S. Efectos cardiovasculares de la cocaína: A propósito de dos casos. Revista Uruguaya de Cardiología. 2014; 29(1): 60-66.
13. Finkel JB, Marhefka GD. Rethinking Cocaine-Associated Chest Pain and Acute Coronary Syndromes. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2011; 86(12):1198–1207. https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2011.0338
14. Schwartz BG, Rezkalla S, Kloner RA. Cardiovascular Effects of Cocaine. Circulation. 2010; 122(24): 2558–2569. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.940569
15. Phang KW, Wood A. Cocaine use and delayed myocardial ischaemia and / or infarction. Case Reports. 2014; bcr2014206492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2014-204599
16. Lange RA, Hillis LD. Cardiovascular Complications of Cocaine Use. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001; 345(5): 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200108023450507
17. Qureshi AI, Suri MFK, Guterman LR, Hopkins LN. Cocaine Use and the Likelihood of Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction and Stroke. Circulation. 2001; 103(4): 502–506. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.103.4.502
18. Fuenzaiida A, Valdebenito M, Fajuri A. Infarto agudo al miocardio asociado al uso de cocaína: ¿una entidad diferente?. Revista chilena de cardiología. 2014; 33(2): 123–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-85602014000200006
19. Talarico GP, Crosta ML, Giannico MB, Summaria F, Calò L, Patrizi R. Cocaine and coronary artery diseases. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine. 2017; 18(5): 291–294. https://doi.org/10.2459/JCM.0000000000000511
20. Bachi K, Mani V, Jeyachandran D, Fayad ZA, Goldstein RZ, Alia-Klein N. Vascular disease in cocaine addiction. Atherosclerosis. 2017; 262: 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.03.019
21. Dabbouseh NM, Ardelt A. Cocaine mediated apoptosis of vascular cells as a mechanism for carotid artery dissection leading to ischemic stroke. Medical Hypotheses. 2011; 77(2): 201–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.011
22. Magnano AR, Talathoti NB, Hallur R, Jurus DT, Dizon J, Holleran S, Garan H. Effect of Acute Cocaine Administration on the QTc Interval of Habitual Users. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2006; 97(8): 1244–1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.11.046
23. Ramirez FD, Femenía F, Simpson CS, Redfearn DP, Michael KA, Baranchuk A. Electrocardiographic findings associated with cocaine use in humans: a systematic review. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 2012; 10(1): 105–127. https://doi.org/10.1586/erc.11.152
24. Afonso L, Mohammad T, Thatai D. Crack Whips the Heart: A Review of the Cardiovascular Toxicity of Cocaine. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2007; 100(6): 1040–1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.04.049
25. Patrizi R, Pasceri V, Sciahbasi A, Summaria F, Rosano GM, Lioy E. Evidence of Cocaine-Related Coronary Atherosclerosis in Young Patients With Myocardial Infarction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2006; 47(10): 2120–2122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.12.060
26. Arora S, Alfayoumi F, Srinivasan V. Transient Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning After Cocaine Use: Is Catecholamine Cardiotoxicity the Pathologic Link?. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2006; 81(6): 829–832. https://doi.org/10.4065/81.6.829
27. Nguyen P, Kamran H, Nasir S, Chan W, Shah T, Deswal A, Bozkurt B. Comparison of Frequency of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure Using Versus Not Using Cocaine. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2017; 119(12): 2030–2034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.03.034
28. Salas C. Impacto Económico del Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas en Costa Rica. 1 ed. San José, Costa Rica: Instituto sobre Alcoholismo y Farmacodependencia. 2014.
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