Cómo citar
1.
Rojas Bermúdez C, Buckcanan Vargas A, Benavides Jiménez G. Sarcopenia: abordaje integral del adulto mayor: Revisión de tema. Rev.méd.sinerg. [Internet]. 1 de mayo de 2019 [citado 23 de abril de 2024];4(5):24 - 34. Disponible en: https://revistamedicasinergia.com/index.php/rms/article/view/194
Resumen
Sarcopenia es una enfermedad musculo esquelética asociada a la edad con pérdida de la masa y función muscular. Es una patología de gran prevalencia en la población adulta mayor. Su etiología es multifactorial donde influye la nutrición, estilo de vida y factores hormonales. Se recomienda tamizar a todo adulto por encima de los 65 años con el cuestionario SARC-F. Su diagnóstico es probable si se demuestra una pérdida de fuerza muscular, ya sea mediante la prueba de fuerza agarre mano o la prueba de levantarse de una silla sin apoyo de las manos. Se confirma el diagnóstico si a esto se le añade una prueba que demuestre baja masa muscular (para lo cual DXA es el más recomendado) o en la calidad muscular. Es un caso severo al presentarse una prueba de la marcha menor a 0.8 m/s. Actualmente no existe ningún fármaco aprobado para su uso, por lo que el manejo se basa en entrenamiento de resistencia y aumento de ingesta proteica.
Palabras clave
sarcopenia. obesidad. marcha. desnutrición. fragilidad. fuerza muscular.
Citas
1. Dent E, Morley JE, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Arai H, Kritchevsky SB, et al. International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sarcopenia (ICFSR): Screening, Diagnosis and Management. The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2018 Nov 22; 22(10): 1148-1161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-018-1139-9
2. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Landi F, Schneider SM, Zuniga C, Arai H, et al. Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS). Age and Ageing. 2014 09 21; 43(6): 748-759. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu115
3. Anker SD, Morley JE, von Haehling S. Welcome to the ICD-10 code for sarcopenia. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2016 Oct 17; 7(5): 512-514. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12147
4. Dhillon RJ, Hasni S. Pathogenesis and Management of Sarcopenia. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2017 02; 33(1): 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2016.08.002
5. Woo J. Sarcopenia. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2017 08; 33(3): 305-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2017.02.003
6. Yu J. The etiology and exercise implications of sarcopenia in the elderly. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2015 06; 2(2): 199-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2015.04.010
7. Calvani R, Marini F, Cesari M, Tosato M, Anker SD, et al. Biomarkers for physical frailty and sarcopenia: state of the science and future developments. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2015 07 07; 6(4): 278-286. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12051
8. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age and Ageing. 2018 09 24; 48(1): 16-31. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy169
9. Malmstrom TK, Morley JE. SARC-F: A Simple Questionnaire to Rapidly Diagnose Sarcopenia. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2013 08; 14(8): 531-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.018
10. Beaudart C, McCloskey E, Bruyère O, Cesari M, Rolland Y, et al. Sarcopenia in daily practice: assessment and management. BMC Geriatrics. 2016 Oct 05; 16: 170. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0349-4
11. Lee D, Shook RP, Drenowatz C, Blair SN. Physical activity and sarcopenic obesity: definition, assessment, prevalence and mechanism. Future Science OA. 2016 09; 2(3): FSO127. https://doi.org/10.4155/fsoa-2016-0028
12. Yarasheski KE. Exercise, Aging, and Muscle Protein Metabolism. The Journals of Gerontology Series A. 2003 Oct 01; 58(10): M918-M922. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/58.10.m918
13. Roth SM, Ferrell RF, Hurley BF. Strength training for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging. 2000; 4(3): 143-155. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10936901
14. Phillips SM, Chevalier S, Leidy HJ. Protein “requirements” beyond the RDA: implications for optimizing health. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2016 05; 41(5): 565-572. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0550
15. Stewart Coats AJ, Srinivasan V, Surendran J, Chiramana H, Vangipuram SRKG, et al. The ACT-ONE trial, a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study of the anabolic/catabolic transforming agent, MT-102 in subjects with cachexia related to stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer:. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2011 Oct 16; 2(4): 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13539-011-0046-2
16. Burks TN, Andres-Mateos E, Marx R, Mejias R, Van Erp C, et al. Losartan Restores Skeletal Muscle Remodeling and Protects Against Disuse Atrophy in Sarcopenia. Science Translational Medicine. 2011 05 11; 3(82): 82ra37-82ra37. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3002227
17. Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S, Rikkert MO, Rockwood K. Frailty in elderly people. The Lancet. 2013 03; 381(9868): 752-762. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62167-9
18. Waters DL, Baumgartner RN. Sarcopenia and Obesity. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2011 08; 27(3): 401-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2011.03.007
2. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Landi F, Schneider SM, Zuniga C, Arai H, et al. Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS). Age and Ageing. 2014 09 21; 43(6): 748-759. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu115
3. Anker SD, Morley JE, von Haehling S. Welcome to the ICD-10 code for sarcopenia. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2016 Oct 17; 7(5): 512-514. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12147
4. Dhillon RJ, Hasni S. Pathogenesis and Management of Sarcopenia. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2017 02; 33(1): 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2016.08.002
5. Woo J. Sarcopenia. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2017 08; 33(3): 305-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2017.02.003
6. Yu J. The etiology and exercise implications of sarcopenia in the elderly. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2015 06; 2(2): 199-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2015.04.010
7. Calvani R, Marini F, Cesari M, Tosato M, Anker SD, et al. Biomarkers for physical frailty and sarcopenia: state of the science and future developments. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2015 07 07; 6(4): 278-286. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12051
8. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age and Ageing. 2018 09 24; 48(1): 16-31. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy169
9. Malmstrom TK, Morley JE. SARC-F: A Simple Questionnaire to Rapidly Diagnose Sarcopenia. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2013 08; 14(8): 531-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.018
10. Beaudart C, McCloskey E, Bruyère O, Cesari M, Rolland Y, et al. Sarcopenia in daily practice: assessment and management. BMC Geriatrics. 2016 Oct 05; 16: 170. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0349-4
11. Lee D, Shook RP, Drenowatz C, Blair SN. Physical activity and sarcopenic obesity: definition, assessment, prevalence and mechanism. Future Science OA. 2016 09; 2(3): FSO127. https://doi.org/10.4155/fsoa-2016-0028
12. Yarasheski KE. Exercise, Aging, and Muscle Protein Metabolism. The Journals of Gerontology Series A. 2003 Oct 01; 58(10): M918-M922. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/58.10.m918
13. Roth SM, Ferrell RF, Hurley BF. Strength training for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging. 2000; 4(3): 143-155. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10936901
14. Phillips SM, Chevalier S, Leidy HJ. Protein “requirements” beyond the RDA: implications for optimizing health. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2016 05; 41(5): 565-572. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0550
15. Stewart Coats AJ, Srinivasan V, Surendran J, Chiramana H, Vangipuram SRKG, et al. The ACT-ONE trial, a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study of the anabolic/catabolic transforming agent, MT-102 in subjects with cachexia related to stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer:. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2011 Oct 16; 2(4): 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13539-011-0046-2
16. Burks TN, Andres-Mateos E, Marx R, Mejias R, Van Erp C, et al. Losartan Restores Skeletal Muscle Remodeling and Protects Against Disuse Atrophy in Sarcopenia. Science Translational Medicine. 2011 05 11; 3(82): 82ra37-82ra37. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3002227
17. Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S, Rikkert MO, Rockwood K. Frailty in elderly people. The Lancet. 2013 03; 381(9868): 752-762. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62167-9
18. Waters DL, Baumgartner RN. Sarcopenia and Obesity. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2011 08; 27(3): 401-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2011.03.007
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